Economic analysis and optimization of a renewable energy based power supply system with different energy storages for a remote island

This study investigates and compares the various combinations of renewable energies (solar, wind) storage technologies (battery, pumped hydro storage, hybrid storage) for an off-grid power supply system. Four configurations (i.e., single RE source system, double system) based on two scenarios (self-discharge equal to 0% 1%) are considered, their operational performance is compared analyzed. The energy management strategy created battery (HPBS) considers that batteries cover low surplus/shortages while (PHS) primary device serving high-energy generations/deficits. developed mathematical model optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization results optimizer discussed in particular detail. evidence self-discharge has a significant impact cost (13%–50%) all due substantial increase (RE) generators size capacity. Even though solar-wind-PHS cost-optimal arrangement, it exhibits lower reliability when solar-wind-HPBS. reveals significance HPBS environment, allowing more flexible management, enabling guarantee 100% with minimum reducing curtailment. Additionally, this presents discuss sensitivity analysis conducted by varying load demand balance considered performed, which effectiveness supplementary functionality both storages mode. Overall, role mode improved, total covered increased (48%), reduced direct dependency variable generation.